By: -Muhammad Faiq Furqon (123211028)
-Fentalisa Monica
-Merry Wiji Astuti
-Yusaufa Fasikul Lisani
1.1 Fonetik
dan Fonologi
Phonetics dan
phonology adalah ilmu yang sama-sama mengkaji tentang suara. Dalam phonetics
disediakan cara-cara yang objektif untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisa
jangkauan dari suara manusia digunakan dalam bahasa mereka. phonetics terbagi
menjadi 3, yaitu articulatory phonetics yang mengidentifikasi organ-organ dan
otot-otot mana yang terlibat dalam menghasilkan suara yang berbeda. suara-suara
tersebut kemudian dikirim dari pembicara kepada pendengar. Sedangkan acoustic
dan auditory phonetics focus pada bagaimana suara itu berjalan melewati udara
dalam bentuk gelombang suara dan dampak dari gelombang tersebut terjadi pada
telinga dan otak si pendengar.
Phonologists
lebih mengacu pada pola suara dalam beberapa bahasa, pada apa yang pembicara
dan pendengar harus ketahui, apa yang anak-anak butuhkan untuk belajar, gdan
ilmu ini dekat dengan psikologi. Kita sering pinya intuisi tentang bahasa tanpa
tahu darimana mereka datang atau bagaimana untuk mengungkapkan itu, tetapi ilmu
tentang ini memang ada.
Hubungan antara
phonetics dan phonology adalah sesuatu yang komplek. seperti halnya saat bayi
pada fase babbling, memproduksi sebuah suara, termasuk beberapa yang mereka
tidak pernah dengar dari orang tuanya. Dalam hal ini, phonetics menyediakan
banyak keragaman dalam bahasa, termasuk informasi yang lebih dari pembicara
tampak digunakan atau dibutuhkan, semua pembicara, dan setiap ucapan yang
berbeda.
1.2 Variasi atau perbadaan
Variasi dibagi
dalam 2 bagian : fonetik adalah universal dan phonology adalah bahasa yang
spesifik. Tetapi keduanya tidak simple.
Pertama, para peneliti phonology melakukan percobaan
dan membedakannya dalam pola karakteristik dalam satu bahasa dan simple reflek di
cerita, dari kata yang lain diman ayang lebih banyak universal motivasi adalah
issue. Di dalam perkara *fnil, atau
lebih dari general kata yang berinisial [fn-], kita berhadapan dengan fakta dari
Inggris modern. Ini sempurna untuk memproduksi suatu kombinasi suara; ada kata
dalam banyak bahasa, mencakup Norwegian fnise
‘giggle’, fnugg ‘speck’, dimulai
dengan hanya kelompok itu; dan sungguh, itu normal dalam periode awal di
Inggris – sneeze, contohnya, nenek
moyang Old English fnesan, dengan Old
English fnaed menunjukkan ‘hem, edge,
fringe’; tetapi ini tidak termasuk bagian dari inventaris dari kombinasi suara yang
mana kita telah belajar berbicara Inggris dan dilakukan sampai hari ini. Hal
ini sama dengan kelompok yang berinisial, seperti [kn-] : ini adalah keadaan
yang sudah biasa di Old English, seperti cnawan
‘to know’, dan bertahan sampai pengejaan Modern English, yerlebih lagi ini
sekarang adalah pelafalan yang sederhana [n]; lagi, [kn-] ini juga sempurna di
lain bahasa, termasuk German, dimana kita menemukan Knabe ‘boy’, Knie ‘knee’.
Di sisi yang
lain, jika kamu mengatakan kata intemperate
dan incoberent untuk dirimu
sendiri senatural mungkin seperti yang kamu bisa, dan memusatkan pada konsonan
pertama yang bertuliskan n, kamu
boleh memperhatikan dua sinyal perbedaan suara. Di kata intemperate, di bagian lidah depan bergerak naik kebelakang di atas
bagian depan gigi untuk huruf n, dan
tetap disana untuk huruf t; tetapi di
kata incoberent, kebenyakan orang
biasanya memproduksi suara dengan menandai ing
dalam melafalkannya di bahasa Inggris, dengan lidahmu ditinggikan lebih
jauh kembali kedalam mulut, dimana [k] (dilafalkan c). Proses asimilasi seperti ini involve dua suara menutup
bersamaan di sebuah kata menjadi semakin dekat bersamaan dalam pengucapan di
terminology, membuat mudah untuk para pembicara untuk memproduksi vocal suara. Asimilasi adalah sebuah kejadian di sebuah
bahasa manusia; dan terutama sekali dalam keadaan untuk suara nasal, seperti
melafalkan satu n disini, untuk
asimilasi mengikuti konsonan. Penjelasan tekhnik universal seperti satu involve
persekutuan dari phonology dan fonetik; jadi ahli fonologi menarik di universal
juga.
Bagaimanapun,
berkenaan dengan fonologi terdapat perbedaan level dalm bahasa; sering, dua
orang mengira bahwa dirinya sendiri adalah pembicara yang sama dengan bahasa,
tetapi merubah penggunaanya (kadang ketika kamu berbicara tomayto, kemudian saya berbicara timahto). Ini bukan hanya saja automatic, persoalan phonetic: di
kasus yang sama seorang pembicara single
selalu mengunakan satu variant, tetapi lainnya, individual akan menggunakan varian yang berbeda pada kejadian
yang berbeda pula.
1.3 The International
Phonetics Alphabet
Lebih jauh lagi, contoh yang lebih detil dan umum, atau
yang termasuk bagian luar bahasa. Memberikan lebih banyak contoh kosa kata yang
lebih spesifik, dan sistem notasi yang didedikasikan pada deskripsi bunyi.
Di dalam susunan ejaan bahasa inggris, meskipun hanya
susunan tulisan yang paling sering kita gunakan, kedua hal itu terlalu sulit
bagi kita untuk di mengerti Tanpa transkripsi tulisan yang universal pada
fonetik dan fonologi, menulis bunyi yang berasal dari bahasa lain adalah
tantangan besar, karena antara bunyi yang dihasilkan dan tulisan dari bunyi itu
bila dibaca dengan bahasa kita akan menghasilkan bunyi yang berbeda.
Misalnya, bunyi yang digunakan dalam bahasa inggris,
kata “scenary bila dibaca dengan bahasa kita adalah “skenari”, namun dalam
bahasa inggris seharusnya dibaca
“sinaeri”. Atau jika kita mendengarkan
seorang penutur bahasa inggris, bila dalam bahasa kita hanya mengetahui dasar
“huruf konsonan dan vokal”, dan tidak mengetahui bagaimana bunyi itu diucapkan
maka akan sulit bagi kita untuk menangkap maksud yang diucapkan oleh penutur
bahasa inggris tersebut. Lebih buruk lagi jika ada bunyi kata-kata sukar yang
tidak sesuai dengan ketepatan pengucapannya meskipun bagi penutur dalam bahasa
inggris. Dari contoh tersebut menjelaskan bahwa IPA (international phonetics
alphabet) yang diusulkan pada tahun 1888 oleh International Phonetics
Association, dan terakhir diperbarui pada tahun 1996, adalah pedoman bagi
penutur seseorang dalam mempelajari bahasa lain dan mendapatkan bunyi bahasa
yang sesuai dengan bahasa tersebut.
Cabang linguistik yang mempelajari
penggunaan suara dalam bahasa manusia . Fonetik adalah studi tentang sifat
fisik pidato suara dan produksi ujaran : bagaimana suara yang dihasilkan oleh
tubuh manusia , apa yang mereka seperti sebagai gelombang suara , dan bagaimana
pidato proses telinga manusia . Fonologi adalah studi tentang bagaimana suara
ini disusun dalam bahasa - misalnya, yang semua pidato yang mungkin terdengar
bahasa digunakan untuk membangun kata-katanya , bagaimana suku kata yang dibangun
dalam bahasa tertentu , dan fenomena lain . Fonologi & fonetik telah
dipelajari secara rinci selama sekitar 200 tahun . Misi fonologi adalah untuk
memahami bagaimana suara pidato dan fitur fonetik diatur dalam bahasa sehingga
mereka dapat digunakan untuk membuat KONTRAS , perbedaan antara suara yang
memungkinkan penciptaan kata-kata yang berbeda , yang kemudian dapat melayani
tujuan melambangkan ribuan konsep yang merupakan dunia mental kita . Tugas
fonem dalam bahasa adalah untuk membedakan kata-kata dari satu sama lain .
Misalnya , perbedaan antara / s / dan / z / suara sinyal Inggris yang '
menggugat ' dan 'zoo ' adalah kata-kata yang berbeda .
Dan EJAAN BAHASA INGGRIS ( = ortografi
bahasa Inggris) : Sebuah sistem menggunakan simbol-simbol tertulis ( huruf dan
kombinasi huruf ) untuk mewakili bahasa lisan . Sejarah ejaan bahasa Inggris
dimulai dengan asal-usul bahasa Inggris di Kepulauan Inggris 1500 tahun lalu (
500 AD dan seterusnya ) . Sejarah panjang telah menyebabkan banyak keanehan
ejaan bahasa Inggris . Salah satu faktor dalam kompleksitas sistem saat ini
adalah bahwa pengucapan bahasa telah berubah selama 500 tahun terakhir sehingga
ejaan tidak cocok suara dengan cara yang sama seperti dalam sistem ejaan Eropa
lainnya , seperti yang dari Spanyol . Faktor lain yang menyulitkan adalah
ribuan kata-kata bahasa Inggris telah diambil dari bahasa lain - dari bahasa
Yunani ( simfoni ) ke Latin ( aneh ) ke Hindi ( shampoo ) ke Jepang ( karaoke )
. Ejaan kata dalam bahasa sumber sering dipertahankan , menyebabkan
inkonsistensi seperti menggunakan <c> mengeja kedua / s / , seperti di
kota , dan / k / , seperti dalam koma . Amerika English ejaan telah cukup
banyak tetap dalam bentuk yang sekarang sejak paruh pertama abad ke-19 .
Dan simbol IPA secara alami juga banyak
digunakan untuk mewakili fonem bahasa tertentu. Misalnya, konsonan awal dari
bahasa Inggris anggap fonetis frikatif gigi [ θ ] untuk kebanyakan speaker ,
sehingga fonem direalisasikan dengan cara ini biasanya direpresentasikan
sebagai / θ / Tapi perhatikan dengan seksama bahwa simbol fonem konvensional
yang terdiri dari simbol IPA di garis miring fonem mungkin tidak pada
kenyataannya diucapkan dalam cara simbol IPA akan menyarankan . ; misalnya,
fonem pada awal English merah lazim direpresentasikan sebagai / r / , untuk
kenyamanan ortografis , tapi mungkin ada pembicara asli bahasa Inggris yang
pernah mengucapkan kata ini dengan getar [ r ] .... Sebuah simbol IPA dalam
tanda kurung siku adalah ( atau seharusnya ) dimaksudkan untuk mewakili suara
pidato nyata akurat , sebuah simbol IPA di garis miring fonem adalah cara yang
nyaman untuk mewakili beberapa fonem dalam beberapa bahasa dan mungkin tidak
menjadi panduan setia kepada realitas fonetik " .
Rindra Catur G
ReplyDeletehow to an ancient people can understand a foreign language before any dictionary,,?
Alfina Rizqi Ardila (123211002)
ReplyDelete(Literature class the 3rd semester)
I am still confused with this material because the language structure in this material is disorganized, difficult to be understood and not directly on the point.
Murdiyono 123.211.029
ReplyDelete3rd literature class
From that material, i know about the phonetics, it is general study of the characteristic of speech sound. Phonetic divided into 3, they are articulatiry phonetics, acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics. And Phonology is essentially the description of the system and pattern of speech sound in a language. I do not understand about variant and IPA in detail, although it has been described in bahasa, for me, that explanations are difficult to understand. Hope the lecturer will give me an explanation about it in detail information.
Devina Jesika Dewanti
ReplyDelete123211010
English literature 3rd semester
i have the same argument with alfina about the language structure, especially the material of variasi dan perbedaan. there is should be more example that we can understand easier but the point is i still didn't understand, even it written in bahasa (only a little).
I am sorry to say, but it's like this article translated by machine. as what Alfina said, the structure of the sentences are totally complicated (in Bahasa :ribet) so get a lil difficulty to understand it. CMIW. = I do not mean to copy Alfina's statement)
ReplyDeleteLilis Sukmawati
ReplyDelete123211020
English literature 3rd semester
i have difficulty to get the point on this material..i hope that i will find material in the simple language or more shorter than it. But obvious thanks for the first group..keep spirit :)
Luthfiyah Hanim Setyawati
ReplyDeleteLiterature class the 3rd semester
After I red this summary about the materials, I can’t be understand well cz that language unorganized clearly, many language still up side-down for example “yang mana” become “mana yang” , so I think as Sharah argument that the language seems to use application of language translate, In my suggestion if we will understand more, we had recourse to application of language translate but we can change it to our comprehension and we can to give an example easily which it can make the reader not confused. If we disscused about phonology, there are many opinion and experience about it. And after I red some of materials about it in other source, I found something that Phonology is The study about the intricacies of the sounds of language, and it formulate regularly and systematically and called phonological ( phone : sound ; logos : science ). The term of phonology show the meaning of the sounds of language study in general because phonology is divided into two areas of study , they are the phonemic and phonetic. Phonology divided into Phonetics and phonemic, phonetic generally described as a regular branch of study that studies of phonological sounds of language regardless of whether these sounds have a function as discrete categories or not. Phonemic is the branch of study that studies the sounds of language with respect to the sound function as discrete categories. Phonemic focuses his attention to the functional characteristics , ie, serve to distinguish meaning. But in addition, there are many opinion about phonology and phonetic. Anything else found under the phonetic and phonemic knowledge that there are two parallel position in the hierarchy of the branch of linguistics.
as other student, I assume that this summary is very difficult to understand. How to make structure and meaning of this summary is confused. About the word "ribuan kata-kata bahasa Inggris telah diambil dari bahasa lain - dari bahasa Yunani ( simfoni ) ke Latin ( aneh ) ke Hindi ( shampoo ) ke Jepang ( karaoke )", its a example of borrowing same as "paddy" from indonesia which in Indonesia is"padi". I ewish i will get easier summary about this case latter.
ReplyDeleteLaila Sari
ReplyDeleteI 'm so sorry for being so late...
Actually, I still don't understand about this materials. I can't get your poin when you said that fonetic is universal and phonology is specific. And when I read
So lets discuss it....
Anisa Nurdiyani (123211004)
ReplyDeleteLiterature class the 3rd semester
I'm so sorry to say like this, I tried to read your material three times but it is still confused , you should write it simply so we can get the point of your material, and don't write some sentences that not important in your material friends.
Isna Iniyati
ReplyDeleteI 'm so sorry for being so late too...
I can understand just a little about phonology and phonetic. But some of the materials i 'm still confuse, perhaps you can use simple language, i mean that with the language by yourself. And thanks for group one.
Aris Hidayatulloh
ReplyDeleteBefore I write my comment, I want to thank to my friends who have written this summary for us. Without you all, maybe we cannot understand the material well. According to our friends, there are many unstructured sentence or word in this writing, and I think, It is true. I think, the first thing that we have to know about translating some writings is how we can translate the sentence, of course it is not word by word. As I know, each sentence consists of subject and predicate (minimally).Then, after the sentence formed, it is better if we make the summary of our writing. I do hope for the writers can give the correct sentences for the writing. But I give my appreciation to the writers because you have tried to translate and make the summary of the material that we will discuss.
In my comment, Now, I just want to share about the material that we are disusing now. It is about "Phonology". According to "Phonic (Practice, research, and policy) book which is edited by Mauren Lewis and Sue Ellis, Phonology is the study of the sound system of language, or the sound system itself and Phonetic is a science studying the characteristics of, and providing methods for, the description, classification and transcription of human sound-making, particularly speech sounds. From the statement above we can know that the phonology and phonetic has a correlation. The correlation is in the field of the study which is involved in the sound of speech .The phonology is narrowed-down to the phonetic. In other hand, phonology is more specific than phonetic. There fore, if we want to study about the phonetic, we have to know about the phonology too. In studying phonology, there will be IPA. As we know that IPA is stand for "International Phonetic Alphabet". It is an International standard of phonemic alphabet. But not all of them are used in our Language, especially English because not all the phoneme IPA are available in the speech. It is my opinion about the material. For anyone who want to give more explanation for me, I do hope you can give the reply from my comment. Thank you
Nur Kholifah
ReplyDelete123211031
3rd semester of English literature
I am still confused with this matter, because the structure of the language is still difficult for me to understand. Especially on Variation and Difference am still very confused and should be given ledih examples to be easily understand.
Puji Rahayu ( 123211034)
ReplyDelete3rd semester of English literature
That explanation is not to the point, so I'm still confused especially on variation and difference and I can't understand the language structure. Thanks
Etik setyawati
ReplyDelete123211012
I think this article is confused because the structure sentence is disorganized, I feel difficlt for understand this material.
purwaningsih rahayu
ReplyDelete123211035
in this material we can studing about what is the meaning phonetics and phonology, and relationship between phoneics and phonology, but in the explanation of this matter I find it hard to understand and comprehend, because the language is difficult for my study.
thank you
Anisa Khusnul Chotimah
ReplyDelete123211003
Literature class the 3rd semester
I'm still confused with this material and can't get the point of your material, i think that the language structure in this material is difficult to understand. Maybe, you can write with the simple language, so we can understand this material. Thank for group one.
Nur Rochim Adiyanto
ReplyDelete123211032
You must give basic material. I think I will find a road to understand it, because it has used Indonesia language.
Make it simple, maybe you can make the material into the point or you can make some example with your style.
Don't be fear you will be wrong.
That was my opinion.
But this material was pretty good
Futiha Alambarra Amaan Ahmada
ReplyDelete123211017
After I read the book from Mr. Kurniawan and also from this article, actually I just can catch a little information, because I still confuse.
Phonology is the study of speech sound patterns that consist about how speech sound behave in utterance and communication. And phonetic is describe and analysis the human sounds, that deals with individual speech sound. That include in how to produce sound in the organ of speech and how it is perceived by the hearer. If we study about them there will be a problem that will make the reasons why IPA arise.From the book I got that IPA involve the symbols of sound in writing form, then IPA change the strange sound to be a symbol in writing and also identified the sound of the symbols. IPA also have function to settle the ambiguity sounds in utterances.
Maybe just it that I've got.
Ulifatul Qomariyah
ReplyDelete123 211 042
literature 3
after I read the article, I can conclude that Phonetic and phonology is study about speech sound. Phonetic divided into 3, they are articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, and auditory phonetics. But phonology is study of patterns of sounds.
From the definition appear differences in the pronunciation of a word among countries / languages then appeared IPA (international phonetics alphabet) which serve as guidelines for speakers of other languages who learn to pronounce a word that corresponds to the language studied especially in English.
Widarti Umi Sakinah
ReplyDelete123211043
the article above, I can conclude that phonetic is learn about how sound it can be removed, and how the pronunciation. Phonetic divided into 3, they are articulatiry phonetics, acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics.
Desi Triana Sari
ReplyDelete123211009
After I read this material, I conclude that the phonetics divided into 3: articulary phonetics, acoustics and audiory. while variations and differences explain about how the pronunciation of a word correctly but because of the individual differences that make pronounce English words are not the same as it should be pronounced. The last is about the International Phonetics Alphabet describes how to produce the sound to get the correct spelling of the word.
Rizki Fajar Herlambang
ReplyDelete123211038
After i read this all, I am still confused and I not get the point yet.... this is not simple word for me
Cahya Ning Rahayu (123211007)
ReplyDeleteThanks to first group for translate before,
Iam sorry, actually, i read this post more than 3 times. but i just got the little points. i felt so difficult to be understood the material.
After I read this post, I get the differences of phonology and phonetic, in my opinion phonology is study about the speech sounds more detail. we can learn about the way to produce a letter to be a word or language, and the way how is the sounds produce by the organ, and how is the sounds can heard from speaker to listener by sound wave.
And then, phonetic is study about variety of sounds or language, and the way how is that sounds can be understand by listener, like babbling phase.
For IPA and variasi perbedaan, I not yet understand.
I hope i get the clear explanation about this material, expecially definition first directly or indirectly.
Thanks
Mona Mirdiana Ariduwani ( 123211025)
ReplyDeleteBefore comment, I want to thank to my friends who have written this summary for us.
From that material, i know about the phonetics, it is general study of the characteristic of speech sound. Phonetic divided into 3, they are articulatiry phonetics, acoustic phonetics, auditory phonetics. And Phonology is essentially the description of the system and pattern of speech sound in a language,I am still confused about the IPA, perhaps at tomorrow's meeting could be described and discussed together
Dewi Yulia Wati (123211011)
ReplyDeleteI conclude that Phonology and Phonetic are study of speech sound in language. Phonology is study of systems and patterns of speech sounds in language, while Phonetic is study of the characteristics of speech sounds in language. Phonetics devided into 3 parts, they are auditory, articulatory, and acoustic. Phonology is language-specific which means study of systems and patterns of speech sounds in specific language. And Phonetic is universal, it means that we use a same phonetic around the world. Without a universal transcription in phonetic, sometimes we write the sound produced and the writing of the sound when we read will produce different sounds. Therefore, IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet) was proposed in 1888 by International Phonetic Association and latest revision in 1996. And naturally, IPA symbols are also widely used to represent phonemes in particular language.
I should be hard to be understand this summary, because of the language and the writing are so extraordinary confused.
That’s all, I am sorry for being too late.
Atina Afwah
ReplyDelete123211017
after I read this article many times, I get different between phonetic and phonology..
phonetic focus how to produce the sound.. and phonology focus to model of sound..
Qonitatul Azizah
ReplyDelete123211036
From this article, i conclude that phonology is more specific rather than phonetic. This is very different from what i have thought before.
Septina Fidyaningtyas (123211039)
ReplyDeleteAfter I read this article I can conclude that, phonetic and phonology are two subdisciplines in linguistics which deal with sound. Phonetics provide objective ways of describing and analysing the range of sounds humans use in their language. Phonetics divide into 3 subdivision, articulatory phonetics, acoustics phonetics and auditory phonetics. Whereas phonology more refer about pattern of sound in some language. The relationship between phonetics and phonology is a complex one, but we might initially approach phonology as narrowed-down phonetics.
Variation divide into 2 parts: phonetics is universal and phonology is language-specific.
Without International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) for phonetic and phonology, writing down the unfamiliar sounds of other language presents an almost insuperable challenge.
Thanks for all. Akh kariem
ReplyDeletemohon bantuannya donk tentang phonetic dan phonology dalam bahasa indonesia... saya bingung banget nih...
ReplyDeletemakasih :)