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Tentang Cakupan Linguistik

SCOPES OF LINGUISTICS

 Kurniawan

Linguistics is a science of language which learns language broadly and generally.  The study investigated in linguistics is all aspects and component of language.  The language target is not one language but all languages in this world.  This article discusses two scopes of linguistics; micro linguistics and macro linguistics.

A.  MICRO LINGUISTICS
          Micro linguistics is a scope of linguistics which learns language for the sake of language itself without relating to other science and without meditating over how the science is applied in real lives.  Micro linguistics consists of some fields and sub-disciplines. 

1.  Theories of Linguistics 
a.  Traditional Theory
b.  Structural Theory
c.  Transformational Theory
d.  Tagmemic Theory

2.  Historical and Comparative Linguistics
     Historical and comparative linguistics is a scope of linguistics which researches languages diachronicly.  It is usually used to compare the languages in different periods.

3.  Comparative and Contrastive Linguistics
     Comparative and contrastive linguistics is a scope of linguistics which compares one language with other languages to find out the distinctions. 

4.  Descriptive Linguistics
     Descriptive linguistics is a scope of linguistics that discusses how a language is, when it is investigated.
a.  Phonetics
Phonetics is a scope of linguistics which investigates speech sounds. It ignores whether the speech sounds are meaningful or meaningless.
b.  Phonemics
Phonemics is a scope of linguistics which investigates meaningful speech sounds.
c.  Morphology
Morphology is a scope of linguistics which discusses morphemes and word formation.
d.  Syntax
Syntax is a scope of linguistics which studies language structures, from phrases to sentences.
e.  Semantics
Semantics is a scope of linguistics which studies word meaning.
f.  Morphosyntax
Morphosyntax is a scope of linguistics that discusses language structures including morphology and syntax as one organization (grammar).

B.  MACRO LINGUISTICS
          Macro linguistics is a scope of linguistics which learns language interrelated to other science and how it is applied in real lives.  Macro linguistics consists of inter-discipline linguistics and applied linguistics. 

1.  Inter-discipline Linguistics
     a.  Inter-discipline Phonetics
     Inter-discipline phonetics is a scope linguistics that learns speech sounds interrelated to other science, like music or physics.
     b.  Sociolinguistics
     Sociolinguistics is a scope of linguistics which discusses language interrelated to social factors.
     c.  Psycholinguistics
     Psycholinguistics is a scope of linguistics that learns language interrelated to psychological factors of addressers and addressees. 
     d.  Ethnolinguistics
     Ethnolinguistics is a scope of linguistics that learns language interrelated to ethnical factors
     e.  Anthropolinguistics
     Antropolinguistics is a scope of linguistics that learns language interrelated to anthropological factors
     f.  Philology
     Philology is a scope of linguistics that learns old documents to know the background of culture of society which used.
     g.  Stylistics
     Stylistics is a scope of linguistics that learns language interrelated to art.
     h.  Semiotics
     Semiotics is a scope of linguistics that learns language interrelated to sign and symbol.
     i.  Epigraphy
     Epigraphy is a scope of linguistics that learns language interrelated to old writing in ancient inscriptions (history).
    
j.  Paleography
     Paleography is a scope of linguistics that learns language interrelated to description of old writing especially from middle age.
     k.  Etymology
     Etymology is a scope of linguistics that learns the history of words.
     l.  Dialectology
     Dialectology is a scope of linguistics that learns language interrelated to geographical factors.
2.  Applied Linguistics
     a.  Language Planning
     Language planning is a scope of linguistics that learns language for the sake of directing language development
     b.  Language Teaching
     Language teaching is a scope of linguistics that learns language for the sake of learning and teaching process.
     c.  Translation
     Translation is a scope of linguistics that learns language in the interest of translating one language to other language.
     d.  Graphology
     Graphology is a scope of linguistics that learns written language for the sake of knowing character, destiny, partner, and fortune of the writer.
     e. Lexicology
Lexicology is a scope of linguistics that learns language in the interest of writing dictionary, encyclopedia and thesaurus.
     f. Applied sociolinguistics
     Applied sociolinguistics is a scope of linguistics that learns the application of language in social communication.  The application must pay attention to situation, addresser purpose, and addressee status.  It is well-known as pragmatics.


C.  REFERRENCES

Chaer, 2003. Linguistik Umum.Jakarta: Rineka Cipta

Kridalaksana, 2005. Pesona Bahasa. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka   Utama

Suparno, 2002. Dasar-Dasar Linguistik Umum. Yogyakarta: PT Tiara Wacana Yogya



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33 comments:

  1. Aris Hidaytulloh (123211005)
    (Literature Class the 3rd semester)

    It's important for us to know about linguistic if we want to know about the language. The language here are variant, it can be English, Chinese, Japanese, or maybe javanese.The linguistic can help us to know about all languge because it's the main component in study of language. Trought this writing I can conclude that the linguistic is the main component in language. Every language can be involved in lingustic. If we want to know about language, exspecially English, we have to know the lingustic itself. Moreover we had been taking the Literature program which the study has corelation with linguistic. I do belive this writing can help us to know about linguistic by knowing the scope of lingusitic, minimally it can help us to know about the scopes of lingusitic and I do hope I can appy it in my research trought lingustic.

    ReplyDelete
  2. Septina Fidyaningtyas
    123211039
    Literature Class the 3rd semester

    This article explain about linguistic in generally, therefore I can distinguish between micro linguistic and macro linguistic. But sometimes I do not understand because there is no example.

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  4. محمد فايق فرقان(muhammad faiq furqon)
    123211028
    Literature Class the 3rd semester

    very, very good about his language linguistics, linguistics is for me food every day in our material english literature, and a very complete once its translation, its interpretation, until his reference cated as well. thank you

    salam luwes dari gubuk terkecil

    ReplyDelete
  5. Sharah Hekmawati
    123211040

    nice post sir, very simple and can understand it easily :)

    ReplyDelete
  6. Puji Rahayu

    ( 123211034 )

    Literature Class the 3rd semester

    We can know the layer of linguistics or scopes of linguistics ; micro linguistics and macro linguistics, when we study about language.

    ReplyDelete
  7. Anisa Nurdiyani

    123211004

    (Literature class the 3rd semester )
    So simple . And it's very interesting to discuss about it. But you must explain it one by one Sir in the class, especially in scope of linguistics part macro linguistics (example of inter-discipline linguistic) . And please explain how linguistics subject appeared Sir.

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  8. Murdiyono
    (Literature class 3rd semester)
    impressive,,,
    apparently, there are a lot of things about the linguistic that should be known and learned.

    ReplyDelete
  9. Luthfiyah Hanim Setyawati
    (Literature class 3rd semester)

    Thank Sir for this writing, very simply and helpful. After I read this summary about linguistic especially about scopes of linguistic, I got the knowledge about it but any theory I didn't yet understand more. So, I will learn it more and more. . :)

    ReplyDelete
  10. Alfina Rizqi Ardila (123211002)
    (Literature class the 3rd semester)

    After I read this article we can know that linguistics not only for English language but for all languages in this world, we can also know two scopes of linguistics (micro and macro linguistics) and every scope consists of several parts.

    ReplyDelete
  11. Desi Triana Sari (123211009)
    (Literature Class the 3rd semester)

    this article makes me that the language is very important to life and other things and i want to know more about linguistics

    ReplyDelete
  12. short but to the point. we can imagine base of macro and micro linguistic. just for note, plese improve about part of "teories of linguistic" wish we can learn more about it. and about "Descriptive of Linguistic", please add some example to imagine what is the core of the content.
    Thanks for this article. really makes easier to understand about basic of linguistic.

    ReplyDelete
  13. Ulifatul Qomariyah
    123211022
    English Literature 3rd semester

    thank u sir, now I can understand about linguistic and the kinds of linguistic.
    from the article I can understand that many science of language relate with another science.

    ReplyDelete
  14. Laila Sari

    So interesting to study about linguistics, especially macro linguistic, but it seem little dificult than micro linguistic, and actually I want to know about theories of linguistics. What is treditional theories, etc.

    ReplyDelete
  15. Qonitatul Azizah
    123211036
    This article is very understandable, one of kind way to understanding about linguistic is to know generally all about linguistic. Then we can learn more specific to the branch of linguistic. Very good,Sir.

    ReplyDelete
  16. This comment has been removed by the author.

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  17. Rizki Fajar Herlambang

    Well

    ReplyDelete
  18. Lilis Sukmawati (123211020)
    (Literature Class the 3rd semester)


    this article is very important to be learned, but actually i can't get the point about micro and macro linguistic..i am a little confused, because this article no load about the example of micro and macro linguistic which can be seen from the surrounding environment. thanks a lot

    ReplyDelete
  19. Dewi Yulia Wati (123211011)
    Literature Class the 3rd Semester

    Before studying linguistic more deeply we should to learn in advance of their scope so that can determine to the coverage of the linguistic. After I read this article I can find that, although initially looks complicated and difficult to understand because there is no example, but at the end I was more understand and it be interesting. However, I still do not understand what "diachronicly languages" is.

    ReplyDelete
  20. Devina Jesika Dewanti
    123211010
    Literature class 3rd semester

    After read the article i quite understand about it but many chapters in this article that i couldn't understand because for me linguistics has many chapter and i must understanding it all, it is very difficult to me to studying all the chapters. But if you explaining all the chapters and giving an example sir, it is more easier to me.

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  21. muhammad fahmi malik
    123211027

    i think it simple and easy for learn

    ReplyDelete
  22. Widarti Umi Sakinah
    123211043
    Literature Class the 3rd Semester

    This article is interesting to learn about linguistic, but there is no example that can i learn for deeper understanding

    ReplyDelete
  23. Nur Kholifah (123211031)
    (Literature class the 3rd semesters)

    After I read this article I know about linguistics, and I'm young but I do not understand about what is in each chapter.
    When can you give an example when explaining about the linguistic and chapter.
    thank you..

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  24. Rindra Catur Gutomo (123211037)
    Literature Class the 3rd semesters

    thank's sir. I know a bit about linguistics but I still can not describe in detail about linguistics. I will try to, sir.

    ReplyDelete
  25. isna iniyati (123211018)
    Literature Class the 3rd semester
    thank's sir,from this article, i can understand that a languages has many functions. and it's help me for know more about the language. but maybe, you can give some example sir, to more clearly. :)

    ReplyDelete
  26. Purwaningsih Rahayu
    123211035
    literature class 3rd semester

    linguistics is very important in our studying of the language, both Indonesian, English or otherwise. and in this article we can learn linguistic divided into two components, namely : micro and macro linguistic

    ReplyDelete
  27. Etiksetyawati
    123211012
    literature class 3rd semester

    from this article we can be known if study of linguistics is interesting. with study linguistics we can known aspects and componen of language not only one language but many lange in the world. we can learn meaning of language, linguistics, and the corelation of them from this article.

    ReplyDelete
  28. Futiha Alambarra A. A
    123211017
    Literature Class the 3rd semester

    it's very nice. it's so simple and easy to be learned.
    this short writting is usefull for me to understand about Linguistic,
    may, after we discuss it together in class we can more understand about linguistic...
    thanks Sir..

    ReplyDelete
  29. Atina Afwah
    Literature Class the 3rd semester

    after I read this I more understand about linguistic...

    ReplyDelete
  30. Cahya Ning Rahayu
    Literature Class the 3rd smstr

    i realize that linguistic is the most important part if we study in literarure. After I read it, i little understand what is the mean of linguistic and also i want to know about linguistic in detail, i think study about linguistic is interesting after i read this.
    Thanks

    ReplyDelete
  31. Fentalisa Monica
    123211015

    linguistic is the basic skill in the study of language. n language is the important thing that we always use in our daily activity. so, before we study the other part of language deeply, we must know "what is linguistic" first.....

    ReplyDelete
  32. Anisa Khusnul Chotimah
    123211003
    Literature Class the 3rd Semester


    After i read this article, i can know about scopes of linguistic especially micro and macro lingistic. This article is very simple and makes me feel interested to be learn about linguistic.

    ReplyDelete