SCOPES
OF LINGUISTICS
Kurniawan
Linguistics is a
science of language which learns language broadly and generally. The study investigated in linguistics is all
aspects and component of language. The
language target is not one language but all languages in this world. This article discusses two scopes of
linguistics; micro linguistics and macro linguistics.
A. MICRO LINGUISTICS
Micro linguistics is a scope of linguistics which learns
language for the sake of language itself without relating to other science and
without meditating over how the science is applied in real lives. Micro linguistics consists of some fields and
sub-disciplines.
1. Theories of Linguistics
a. Traditional Theory
b. Structural Theory
c. Transformational Theory
d. Tagmemic Theory
2. Historical and Comparative Linguistics
Historical and comparative linguistics is a
scope of linguistics which researches languages diachronicly. It is usually used to compare the languages in
different periods.
3. Comparative and Contrastive Linguistics
Comparative and contrastive linguistics is
a scope of linguistics which compares one language with other languages to find
out the distinctions.
4. Descriptive Linguistics
Descriptive linguistics is a scope of
linguistics that discusses how a language is, when it is investigated.
a. Phonetics
Phonetics is a scope
of linguistics which investigates speech sounds. It ignores whether the speech
sounds are meaningful or meaningless.
b. Phonemics
Phonemics is a scope
of linguistics which investigates meaningful speech sounds.
c. Morphology
Morphology is a
scope of linguistics which discusses morphemes and word formation.
d. Syntax
Syntax is a scope of
linguistics which studies language structures, from phrases to sentences.
e. Semantics
Semantics is a scope
of linguistics which studies word meaning.
f. Morphosyntax
Morphosyntax is a
scope of linguistics that discusses language structures including morphology
and syntax as one organization (grammar).
B. MACRO LINGUISTICS
Macro linguistics is a scope of linguistics which learns
language interrelated to other science and how it is applied in real
lives. Macro linguistics consists of
inter-discipline linguistics and applied linguistics.
1.
Inter-discipline Linguistics
a. Inter-discipline Phonetics
Inter-discipline
phonetics is a scope linguistics that learns speech sounds interrelated to
other science, like music or physics.
b. Sociolinguistics
Sociolinguistics is
a scope of linguistics which discusses language interrelated to social factors.
c. Psycholinguistics
Psycholinguistics is a scope of linguistics
that learns language interrelated to psychological factors of addressers and
addressees.
d. Ethnolinguistics
Ethnolinguistics is a scope of linguistics
that learns language interrelated to ethnical factors
e. Anthropolinguistics
Antropolinguistics is a scope of
linguistics that learns language interrelated to anthropological factors
f. Philology
Philology is a scope of linguistics that
learns old documents to know the background of culture of society which used.
g. Stylistics
Stylistics is a scope of linguistics that
learns language interrelated to art.
h. Semiotics
Semiotics is a scope of linguistics that
learns language interrelated to sign and symbol.
i. Epigraphy
Epigraphy is a scope of linguistics that
learns language interrelated to old writing in ancient inscriptions (history).
j. Paleography
Paleography is a scope of linguistics that
learns language interrelated to description of old writing especially from
middle age.
k. Etymology
Etymology is a scope of linguistics that
learns the history of words.
l. Dialectology
Dialectology is a scope of linguistics that
learns language interrelated to geographical factors.
2. Applied Linguistics
a. Language Planning
Language planning is a scope of linguistics
that learns language for the sake of directing language development
b. Language Teaching
Language teaching is a scope of linguistics
that learns language for the sake of learning and teaching process.
c. Translation
Translation is a scope of linguistics that
learns language in the interest of translating one language to other language.
d. Graphology
Graphology is a scope of linguistics that
learns written language for the sake of knowing character, destiny, partner,
and fortune of the writer.
e. Lexicology
Lexicology is a
scope of linguistics that learns language in the interest of writing dictionary,
encyclopedia and thesaurus.
f.
Applied
sociolinguistics
Applied sociolinguistics
is a scope of linguistics that learns the application of language in social
communication. The application must pay
attention to situation, addresser purpose, and addressee status. It is well-known as pragmatics.
C. REFERRENCES
Chaer, 2003. Linguistik
Umum.Jakarta: Rineka Cipta
Kridalaksana, 2005. Pesona
Bahasa. Jakarta: PT Gramedia Pustaka
Utama
Suparno, 2002. Dasar-Dasar
Linguistik Umum. Yogyakarta: PT Tiara Wacana Yogya
Aris Hidaytulloh (123211005)
ReplyDelete(Literature Class the 3rd semester)
It's important for us to know about linguistic if we want to know about the language. The language here are variant, it can be English, Chinese, Japanese, or maybe javanese.The linguistic can help us to know about all languge because it's the main component in study of language. Trought this writing I can conclude that the linguistic is the main component in language. Every language can be involved in lingustic. If we want to know about language, exspecially English, we have to know the lingustic itself. Moreover we had been taking the Literature program which the study has corelation with linguistic. I do belive this writing can help us to know about linguistic by knowing the scope of lingusitic, minimally it can help us to know about the scopes of lingusitic and I do hope I can appy it in my research trought lingustic.
Septina Fidyaningtyas
ReplyDelete123211039
Literature Class the 3rd semester
This article explain about linguistic in generally, therefore I can distinguish between micro linguistic and macro linguistic. But sometimes I do not understand because there is no example.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteمحمد فايق فرقان(muhammad faiq furqon)
ReplyDelete123211028
Literature Class the 3rd semester
very, very good about his language linguistics, linguistics is for me food every day in our material english literature, and a very complete once its translation, its interpretation, until his reference cated as well. thank you
salam luwes dari gubuk terkecil
Sharah Hekmawati
ReplyDelete123211040
nice post sir, very simple and can understand it easily :)
Puji Rahayu
ReplyDelete( 123211034 )
Literature Class the 3rd semester
We can know the layer of linguistics or scopes of linguistics ; micro linguistics and macro linguistics, when we study about language.
Anisa Nurdiyani
ReplyDelete123211004
(Literature class the 3rd semester )
So simple . And it's very interesting to discuss about it. But you must explain it one by one Sir in the class, especially in scope of linguistics part macro linguistics (example of inter-discipline linguistic) . And please explain how linguistics subject appeared Sir.
Murdiyono
ReplyDelete(Literature class 3rd semester)
impressive,,,
apparently, there are a lot of things about the linguistic that should be known and learned.
Luthfiyah Hanim Setyawati
ReplyDelete(Literature class 3rd semester)
Thank Sir for this writing, very simply and helpful. After I read this summary about linguistic especially about scopes of linguistic, I got the knowledge about it but any theory I didn't yet understand more. So, I will learn it more and more. . :)
Alfina Rizqi Ardila (123211002)
ReplyDelete(Literature class the 3rd semester)
After I read this article we can know that linguistics not only for English language but for all languages in this world, we can also know two scopes of linguistics (micro and macro linguistics) and every scope consists of several parts.
Desi Triana Sari (123211009)
ReplyDelete(Literature Class the 3rd semester)
this article makes me that the language is very important to life and other things and i want to know more about linguistics
short but to the point. we can imagine base of macro and micro linguistic. just for note, plese improve about part of "teories of linguistic" wish we can learn more about it. and about "Descriptive of Linguistic", please add some example to imagine what is the core of the content.
ReplyDeleteThanks for this article. really makes easier to understand about basic of linguistic.
Ulifatul Qomariyah
ReplyDelete123211022
English Literature 3rd semester
thank u sir, now I can understand about linguistic and the kinds of linguistic.
from the article I can understand that many science of language relate with another science.
Laila Sari
ReplyDeleteSo interesting to study about linguistics, especially macro linguistic, but it seem little dificult than micro linguistic, and actually I want to know about theories of linguistics. What is treditional theories, etc.
Qonitatul Azizah
ReplyDelete123211036
This article is very understandable, one of kind way to understanding about linguistic is to know generally all about linguistic. Then we can learn more specific to the branch of linguistic. Very good,Sir.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteThat's excellent to be learned.
ReplyDeleteRizki Fajar Herlambang
ReplyDeleteWell
Lilis Sukmawati (123211020)
ReplyDelete(Literature Class the 3rd semester)
this article is very important to be learned, but actually i can't get the point about micro and macro linguistic..i am a little confused, because this article no load about the example of micro and macro linguistic which can be seen from the surrounding environment. thanks a lot
Dewi Yulia Wati (123211011)
ReplyDeleteLiterature Class the 3rd Semester
Before studying linguistic more deeply we should to learn in advance of their scope so that can determine to the coverage of the linguistic. After I read this article I can find that, although initially looks complicated and difficult to understand because there is no example, but at the end I was more understand and it be interesting. However, I still do not understand what "diachronicly languages" is.
Devina Jesika Dewanti
ReplyDelete123211010
Literature class 3rd semester
After read the article i quite understand about it but many chapters in this article that i couldn't understand because for me linguistics has many chapter and i must understanding it all, it is very difficult to me to studying all the chapters. But if you explaining all the chapters and giving an example sir, it is more easier to me.
muhammad fahmi malik
ReplyDelete123211027
i think it simple and easy for learn
Widarti Umi Sakinah
ReplyDelete123211043
Literature Class the 3rd Semester
This article is interesting to learn about linguistic, but there is no example that can i learn for deeper understanding
Nur Kholifah (123211031)
ReplyDelete(Literature class the 3rd semesters)
After I read this article I know about linguistics, and I'm young but I do not understand about what is in each chapter.
When can you give an example when explaining about the linguistic and chapter.
thank you..
Rindra Catur Gutomo (123211037)
ReplyDeleteLiterature Class the 3rd semesters
thank's sir. I know a bit about linguistics but I still can not describe in detail about linguistics. I will try to, sir.
isna iniyati (123211018)
ReplyDeleteLiterature Class the 3rd semester
thank's sir,from this article, i can understand that a languages has many functions. and it's help me for know more about the language. but maybe, you can give some example sir, to more clearly. :)
Purwaningsih Rahayu
ReplyDelete123211035
literature class 3rd semester
linguistics is very important in our studying of the language, both Indonesian, English or otherwise. and in this article we can learn linguistic divided into two components, namely : micro and macro linguistic
Etiksetyawati
ReplyDelete123211012
literature class 3rd semester
from this article we can be known if study of linguistics is interesting. with study linguistics we can known aspects and componen of language not only one language but many lange in the world. we can learn meaning of language, linguistics, and the corelation of them from this article.
Futiha Alambarra A. A
ReplyDelete123211017
Literature Class the 3rd semester
it's very nice. it's so simple and easy to be learned.
this short writting is usefull for me to understand about Linguistic,
may, after we discuss it together in class we can more understand about linguistic...
thanks Sir..
Atina Afwah
ReplyDeleteLiterature Class the 3rd semester
after I read this I more understand about linguistic...
Cahya Ning Rahayu
ReplyDeleteLiterature Class the 3rd smstr
i realize that linguistic is the most important part if we study in literarure. After I read it, i little understand what is the mean of linguistic and also i want to know about linguistic in detail, i think study about linguistic is interesting after i read this.
Thanks
Fentalisa Monica
ReplyDelete123211015
linguistic is the basic skill in the study of language. n language is the important thing that we always use in our daily activity. so, before we study the other part of language deeply, we must know "what is linguistic" first.....
Anisa Khusnul Chotimah
ReplyDelete123211003
Literature Class the 3rd Semester
After i read this article, i can know about scopes of linguistic especially micro and macro lingistic. This article is very simple and makes me feel interested to be learn about linguistic.